1.- Billy Bishop
-
He
was a Canadian pilot
-
Pilots
were like heroes and they flew with out parachutes
-
Bishop
was officially credited with 72 victories, making him the top Canadian ace in
World War I.
2.- Sam Huges
-
Canadian
minister of militia
-
He
ordered a large training camp to be built at Valcartier, Quebec.
-
He
insisted on using the Ross Rifle (nº22)
-
He
failed to give French Canadians a stake in the war.
3.- Halifax Explosion
-
The
city of Halifax, Canada, was devastated by the detonation of the SS Mont-Blanc,
a French cargo ship that was fully loaded with wartime explosives.
-
The
Mont-Blanc detonated after colliding with another ship.
-
About
2,000 people were killed by debris, fires, and collapsed buildings, and it is
estimated that around 9,000 were injured.
-
It
was the largest man-made explosion in recorded history
4.- Trench Warfare
-
The
trenches were the front lines, the most dangerous places.
-
Trenches
were dug. There were many types depending on the local conditions.
-
Living
in a trench was very hard. There were lice and rats and often no food enough.
5.- Vimy Ridge
-
It
was a battle in Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France
-
It
was the high point of Canadian military achievement during WWI.
-
This
area was very important for German army because of its localization.
-
Canada
was successful through the "creeping barrage": a mixture of technical and tactical innovation,
meticulous planning, powerful artillery support and extensive training, as well
as the failure of the German Army to properly apply the new German defence.
6.- Enemy aliens
-
Anyone
who had not yet gained Canadian citizenship.
-
Anyone
who was a former citizen of a country at war with Canada.
-
By
1914, 170.000 Ukrainians lived in Canada. Many of them from the
Austro-Hungarian Empire. When war was declared against this Empire, they were
viewed with increased suspicion.
7.- Victory Bonds
-
The
government needed money to finance the war effort. It borrowed money by selling
savings bonds for a certain amount and after a certain period of time the owner
of the bond could cash them for the face value.
-
Lots
of posters about Victory Bonds were produced as propaganda.
8.- Convoys
-
An
accompanying and protecting force, as of ships or troops.
-
Canada
send convoys with munitions and food to Europe.
-
First
with Shell Committee and after with the Imperial Munitions.
9.- Canada’s 100 Days
-
Canada’s
100 Days was a series of attacks made along the Western Front by the Canadian
Corps during the Hundred Days Offensive of World War I.
-
During
this time, the Canadian Corps fought at Amiens, Arras, the Hindenburg Line, the
Canal du Nord, Bourlon Wood, Cambrai, Denain, Valenciennes and finally at Mons,
on the final day of the First World War, where had been also the scene of the
first battle between British and German troops in 1914.
-
Canada
advanced 130km and captured 31,537 prisoners, 623 guns, 2842 machine guns and
336 mortars.
10.- Treaty of Versailles
-
It
was a treaty between the countries what were participated in the WWI.
-
Germany
was humbled and was forced to accept all blame for the war and to pay heavy war
reparations.
-
Also,
it restricted German military forces to avoid another war in the future.
11.- League of Nations
-
The
League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of
the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.
-
It
was the first international organization whose principal mission was to
maintain world peace.
-
It
also takes over labour conditions, just treatment of native inhabitants, human
and drug trafficking, arms trade, global health, prisoners of war, and
protection of minorities in Europe.
12.- Gavrilo Princip
-
Gavrilo
Princip was the Serbian man who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of
Austria and his wife, Sophie, in Sarajevo.
-
This
assassination is that led to the First World War.
13.- Arthur Currie
-
He
was a Canadian general during World War I.
-
Arthur
Currie became the first Canadian commander of the four divisions of the unified
Canadian Corps of the Canadian Expeditionary Force.
-
He
is generally considered to be among the most capable commanders of the Western
Front, and one of the finest commanders in Canadian military history.
14.- Conscription
-
Compulsory
enlistment for state service, typically into the military.
-
Prime
Minister Borden declared that conscription would never be necessary, but by
1916 the flood of volunteers had slowed to a trickle.
-
Farmers
and French Canadian were against conscription.
-
It
separated French and English Canadian.
15.- John McCrae
-
He
was a sergeant
-
Half
of his men were killed or wounded. While he was waiting for the wounded to
arrive he wrote “In Flanders Fields”.
-
This
poem became the most popular of the Great War and made the the poppy
16.- Triple Entente
-
Alliance
system
-
Formed
by Britain and his allies (Commonwealth), France and Russia, mainly.
-
They
won the WWI.
17.- Triple Alliance
-
Alliance
system
-
Formed
by Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary, mainly.
-
They
lost the WWII.
19.- Alliances
-
A
close association of nations or other groups, formed to advance common
interests or cause
-
During
WWI there were two main alliances:
o
Triple
Entente
o
Triple
Alliance
-
Canada
was in an alliance, the Commomwealth.
20.- Imperialism
-
Extending
the rule of one country over other countries or territories (ex. Colonies).
-
By
acquiring territory nations raise their status and increase their economy
capacity.
21.- Nationalism
-
There
are two types of nationalism:
o
Patriotic:
devotion and loyalty to one’s own nation / country.
§ It was evident in Britain, Serbia,
France, Germany and Italy. They want to increase their power through expanding
their territory. It is related with imperialism.
o
Ethic:
the desire of the people to preserve their own language, culture,
religions,etc. and / or the desire for independence.
§ It existed in Austria-Hungary and
the Ottoman Empire. They had many ethnic groups within their boundaries. Many
classified as “second class citizens”. They desired to become independent.
22.- Ross Rifle
-
It
was a weapon that Huges insisted on using it.
-
Advantages:
o
Excellent
for sharp shooting.
o
Manufactured
in Canada.
-
Disadvantages:
o
Useless
in the trenches.
o
It
was long and easily jammed by dirty. Often the firing mechanism overheated and
seized up.
-
Ross
Rifle was just one example of Canadian equipment that failed the test of war.
23.- Communism
-
It
is a revolutionary socialist movement to create a classless, money-less, and
stateless social order structured upon common ownership of the means of
production, as well as a social, political and economic ideology that aims at
the establishment of this social order.
-
In
March 1917 Russia became a state founded on communism
-
Russia
communist revolutionary was Vladimir Lenin.
24.- Victoria Cross
-
The
British Commonwealth’s highest military honour.
-
Nine
Canadian soldiers were awarded with it at Passchendaele battle.
25.- Trench Foot
-
It
is a medical condition caused by prolonged exposure of the feet to damp,
unsanitary, and cold conditions. It is one of many immersion foot syndromes.
-
The
use of the word trench in the name of this condition is a reference to trench
warfare, mainly associated with World War I.
-
Your
feet swell to two or three times their normal size and go completely dead.
Sometimes the feet and legs were amputated.
26.- No Man’s Land
-
The
area of land between two enemy trenches to which neither side wished to move
openly or to seize due to fear of being attacked by the enemy in the process.
-
Soldiers
lay wounded in no-man’s land could not be rescued.
27.- Passchendaele
-
It
was a battle at Passchendaele, Belgium, the same front that Canada had defended
in Ypres battle. Also known as the 3º Batlle of Ypres.
-
German
army started winning but by the time reinforcements came. Only 1/5 of the attack force was still alive.
-
November,
15 the fighting stopped. The British had gained just 6 km.
-
Nine
Canadian soldiers were awarded the Victoria Cross.
28.- Propaganda
-
It
is the organized dissemination of information to influence thoughts, beliefs,
feelings and actions. It ensured that the people only got to know what their
governments wanted them to know.
-
Information
on propaganda were controlled.
-
During
WWI propaganda was used to:
o
Encouraged
young men to enlist
o
Convince
Canadian to buy Victoria Bonds to help finance the war.
o
Encourage
Canadian to be thrifty and conserve food
o
Urge
Canadians to contribute to the Patriotic Fund which provided assistance to the
families of men fighting overseas.
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