Respiratory system

The fuction of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen for the body and allow carbon-dioxide to leave the body.

Parts

Mouth and nasal cavity

-         Air enter through them.

-         Air is warmed and moistened.

Pharynx, trachea and bronchi

-         Air travels through the pharynx and down the trachea.

-         Trachea is supported by cartilage rings that keep it open.

-         Bronchi separate incoming air into two lungs.

-         Trachea and bronchi are tired with epithelial cells with cilia.

o       Cilia helps move mucus and filter out any foreign material.

 

Lungs and alveolus

-         Inside the lungs, there are alveolus, where the gas exchange takes place.

Gas Exchange

-         Oxygen enters the bloodstream in the lungs by diffusion. Carbon dioxide leaves the blood in the same way.

-         Each bronchi branch again and again, ending in air sacs, called alveoli.

-         Each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries.

-         Oxygen and carbon-dioxide only have to diffuse through two thin walls:

o       The wall of the alveolus

o       The wall of the capillaries

Breathing

-         Two moves: inhalation and exhalation.

-         When the diaphragm goes down, it creates more space in the rib cage, less pressure, so the oxygen goes in.

-         When the diaphragm goes up, it creates less space in the rib cage, more pressure, so the oxygen goes out.

Diseases

Tuberculosis

It is an infectious disease. It is caused by bacteria that enters the body when you breath.

Cancers

Tobacco smoke contains many carcinogens. It might contributes to cancers on the lungs, mouth, esophagus, larynx, pancreas and bladder.